Fisco obrigado a devolver IUC a proprietário que provou ter vendido o carro
O tribunal obrigou o Fisco a devolver o IUC – Imposto Único de Circulação a um contribuinte registado como proprietário do automóvel, mas que conseguiu provar já o ter vendido à data da cobrança do imposto.
A sentença foi proferida a 19 de julho pelo Centro de Arbitragem Administrativa e Tributária, e é considerada uma decisão histórica que dá esperança aos milhares de contribuintes notificados nos últimos anos pelo Fisco para pagar o IUC de veículos que já tinham vendido mas que não atualizaram o registo de propriedade.
“Os meios de prova apresentados (…) afiguram-se idóneos e com força bastante para ilidir a presunção em que se suportam aquelas liquidações que, por isso, devem ser objeto de anulação com a consequente restituição do imposto indevidamente cobrado”, lê-se na decisão judicial.
A queixa ao tribunal foi interposta por uma empresa de aluguer de automóveis (leasing) que teve de pagar ao Fisco mais de dois mil euros de IUC de 2008, mais juros compensatórios, liquidados sobre 30 veículos já vendidos.
QUANDO O PROBLEMA ENVOLVE CENTENAS DE MILHAR DE CONTRIBUINTES A CULPA NÃO PODE SER DELES...MAS A RAPAZIADA DESDE QUE NÃO HAJA UM PRETO , UM SIDOSO OU PANELEIRO NO CIRCUITO TERRAPLANA TUDO A EITO...OBRIGANDO UNS CONTRIBUINTES A SER COBRADORES DE OUTROS...E IMAGINE-SE AQUI NÃO HÁ GARANTIAS NENHUMAS...
PERTENCE CERTAMENTE AO submundo da blogosfera DE ACORDO COM CIENTÍFICAS CLASSIFICAÇÕES DUNS GAJOS QUE VIVEM DOS MEUS IMPOSTOS E ANDAM A AFUNDAR PORTUGAL
Sunday, December 1, 2013
Saturday, November 30, 2013
SÓ 100000? Ó INDJAI OS CULPADOS DEVEM TER SIDO OS COLONOS...DE PORTUGAL E DE CABO VERDE...
100 mil habitantes da Guiné-Bissau portadores de SIDA
Estima-se que cerca de 100 mil habitantes da Guiné-Bissau seriam portadores do vírus da SIDA em 2012, de acordo com o último relatório do Secretariado Nacional de Luta contra a doença.
MAS NÃO HÁ CRISE.AQUI TRATA-SE TUDO A EITO.BASTA A FUNDAÇÃO FUNCIONAR BEM OLEADA...QUE O INDIGENATO JÁ FOI BEM TREINADO A PAGAR...A ESTES E AOS DAS OUTRAS EX-COLÓNIAS!E SEM RACISMO!SENÃO O SOS...
Estima-se que cerca de 100 mil habitantes da Guiné-Bissau seriam portadores do vírus da SIDA em 2012, de acordo com o último relatório do Secretariado Nacional de Luta contra a doença.
MAS NÃO HÁ CRISE.AQUI TRATA-SE TUDO A EITO.BASTA A FUNDAÇÃO FUNCIONAR BEM OLEADA...QUE O INDIGENATO JÁ FOI BEM TREINADO A PAGAR...A ESTES E AOS DAS OUTRAS EX-COLÓNIAS!E SEM RACISMO!SENÃO O SOS...
LEGÍTIMA DEFESA?ESTÃO DOIDOS OU QUÊ? É METER O HOMEM A FERROS.O MALANDRO QUE NÃO QUER DIVIDIR COM O PLANETA?PORRA...
Braqueur tué dans la Marne : le bijoutier remis en liberté
L'homme sera placé sous le statut de témoin assisté pour les faits d'homicide volontaire. Le juge d'instruction devra déterminer s'il a agi ou non en état de légitime défense.
ACIMA DE TUDO MARTELAR NAS LEIS A POLÍTICA DO "BOM SELVAGEM" QUE PODE DURAR TODA A SUA SANTA VIDINHA ENRIQUECEDORA CLARO ESTÁ.E ELES NEM SE APROVEITAM NEM NADA...
L'homme sera placé sous le statut de témoin assisté pour les faits d'homicide volontaire. Le juge d'instruction devra déterminer s'il a agi ou non en état de légitime défense.
ACIMA DE TUDO MARTELAR NAS LEIS A POLÍTICA DO "BOM SELVAGEM" QUE PODE DURAR TODA A SUA SANTA VIDINHA ENRIQUECEDORA CLARO ESTÁ.E ELES NEM SE APROVEITAM NEM NADA...
Ó ULRICH CONCORDO INTEIRAMENTE.ENTÃO A DAREM PENSÕES MAIORES A GAJOS QUE NUNCA TRABALHARAM NA VIDA PREJUDICANDO QUEM TRABALHOU...
Presidente do BPI diz que não há relação entre descontos para a Segurança Social e reformas
DEPOIS TENS QUE TE VIRAR PARA AS ANÁLISES DAS REFORMAS E SUBSÍDIOS DOS POLÍTICOS.PÁ NÃO DESCONTARAM NADA E PARECE QUE NINGUÉM SE PREOCUPA COM ISSO.E JÁ AGORA COM OS RICOS VENCIMENTOS DOS BANQUEIROS , APESAR DOS PREJUÍZOS...
FINALMENTE AS PENSÕES E REFORMAS DEVEM TER SIDO PENSADAS PARA HAVER UM PAÍS PRÓSPERO E EM DESENVOLVIMENTO COM POLÍTICOS SÉRIOS QUE COMBATERIAM O CAPITALISMO AMIGUISTA E OS CONTRATOS MAFIOSOS.COMO NADA DISSO ACONTECE POIS É FÁCIL ATACAR OS REFORMADOS E PENSIONISTAS ENGANADOS PELOS MESMOS QUE AGORA DIZEM QUE ANDAMOS A VIVER ACIMA DAS NOSSAS POSSIBILIDADES E QUE NÃO SE DESCONTOU PARA O QUE SE RECEBE...
ISTO DE DISTRIBUIR É TÃO BOM QUE AINDA NO OUTRO DIA LI QUE MORREU NO ALGARVE UM ANGOLANO QUE TINHA UMA REFORMA "NOSSA"...E JÁ NEM VAMOS FALAR DOS RSI´S , AS CASAS SOCIAIS DISTRIBUÍDAS AO PLANETA ENFIM A SAÚDE E EDUCAÇÃO QUE PELOS VISTOS SÃO DE BORLA E NÃO CUSTA NADA A NINGUÉM.MEU A RAPAZIADA FEZ DE ANJO E SUBIU TANTO QUE AS ASAS DE CERA DERRETERAM.AGORA É SÓ AFUNDANÇO E ATÉ VIR O CASTIGO DESSAS TRAIÇÕES...CASO O INDIGENATO NÃO QUEIRA SER VENDIDO COMO ESCRAVO PARA ÁFRICA COM A CHEGADA DOS PRIMOS SEFARDITAS...
DEPOIS TENS QUE TE VIRAR PARA AS ANÁLISES DAS REFORMAS E SUBSÍDIOS DOS POLÍTICOS.PÁ NÃO DESCONTARAM NADA E PARECE QUE NINGUÉM SE PREOCUPA COM ISSO.E JÁ AGORA COM OS RICOS VENCIMENTOS DOS BANQUEIROS , APESAR DOS PREJUÍZOS...
FINALMENTE AS PENSÕES E REFORMAS DEVEM TER SIDO PENSADAS PARA HAVER UM PAÍS PRÓSPERO E EM DESENVOLVIMENTO COM POLÍTICOS SÉRIOS QUE COMBATERIAM O CAPITALISMO AMIGUISTA E OS CONTRATOS MAFIOSOS.COMO NADA DISSO ACONTECE POIS É FÁCIL ATACAR OS REFORMADOS E PENSIONISTAS ENGANADOS PELOS MESMOS QUE AGORA DIZEM QUE ANDAMOS A VIVER ACIMA DAS NOSSAS POSSIBILIDADES E QUE NÃO SE DESCONTOU PARA O QUE SE RECEBE...
ISTO DE DISTRIBUIR É TÃO BOM QUE AINDA NO OUTRO DIA LI QUE MORREU NO ALGARVE UM ANGOLANO QUE TINHA UMA REFORMA "NOSSA"...E JÁ NEM VAMOS FALAR DOS RSI´S , AS CASAS SOCIAIS DISTRIBUÍDAS AO PLANETA ENFIM A SAÚDE E EDUCAÇÃO QUE PELOS VISTOS SÃO DE BORLA E NÃO CUSTA NADA A NINGUÉM.MEU A RAPAZIADA FEZ DE ANJO E SUBIU TANTO QUE AS ASAS DE CERA DERRETERAM.AGORA É SÓ AFUNDANÇO E ATÉ VIR O CASTIGO DESSAS TRAIÇÕES...CASO O INDIGENATO NÃO QUEIRA SER VENDIDO COMO ESCRAVO PARA ÁFRICA COM A CHEGADA DOS PRIMOS SEFARDITAS...
COM CALMA AGORA SÓ FALTA MULTAR OS PANELEIROS SOLTEIROS E COM O SIDA...PROVA DE QUE FORAM AOS PROSTITUTOS...
França aprova penalização dos clientes das prostitutas
Os deputados franceses aprovaram na noite de sexta-feira uma proposta legal que penaliza os clientes das prostitutas, medida símbolo de uma proposta de lei sobre a prostituição.
Os deputados votaram de braço no ar a disposição mais controversa do texto, que pune a compra de sexo com uma contravenção de 1.500 euros.
O conjunto do texto vai ser votado em 04 de dezembro.
OS GAJOS DA IGUALDADE, LIBERDADE FRATERNIDADE QUEREM DOMAR A MAIS VELHA PROFISSÃO DO MUNDO...NÃO A LEGALIZANDO E RECOLHENDO OS IMPOSTOS DAS DITAS.MAS MULTANDO OS DITOS...
ISSO E AS REFEIÇÕES HALAL NAS CADEIAS DÁ A IDEIA PARA ONDE VAI A FRANÇA...
Os deputados franceses aprovaram na noite de sexta-feira uma proposta legal que penaliza os clientes das prostitutas, medida símbolo de uma proposta de lei sobre a prostituição.
Os deputados votaram de braço no ar a disposição mais controversa do texto, que pune a compra de sexo com uma contravenção de 1.500 euros.
O conjunto do texto vai ser votado em 04 de dezembro.
OS GAJOS DA IGUALDADE, LIBERDADE FRATERNIDADE QUEREM DOMAR A MAIS VELHA PROFISSÃO DO MUNDO...NÃO A LEGALIZANDO E RECOLHENDO OS IMPOSTOS DAS DITAS.MAS MULTANDO OS DITOS...
ISSO E AS REFEIÇÕES HALAL NAS CADEIAS DÁ A IDEIA PARA ONDE VAI A FRANÇA...
ORA ORA ESSAS POPULAÇÕES MIGRANTES SÃO SEMPRE NACIONALIZADAS EM POUCO TEMPO.PARA QUE NÃO NOS DEIXEM DE ENRIQUECER
Mais de um quarto dos casos de VIH/sida estarão por notificar
Cerca de metade das infecções notificadas está em Lisboa e Setúbal, havendo "um peso crescente das populações migrantes" entre os infectados.
OS NOSSOS BONS INTERNACIONALISTAS ADVOGADOS-MAÇONS EX-DESCOLONIZADORES DE TUDO O QUE TINHA PRETO E NÃO ERA NOSSO AGORA VIRARAM O BICO AO PREGO E SÓ QUEREM COLONIZAR-NOS SEM PERDER UM ÚNICO.E SEM DISCRIMINAÇÕES.OU SEJA MESMO INFECTADO COM O SIDA VEM ENRIQUECER.A RECTAGUARDA DO EX-IMPÉRIO MAS SÓ NA DESPESA CLARO.ATÉ PARECE QUE NÃO EXISTEM CORREIAS DE TRANSMISSÃO A DESPACHAR PARA CÁ ESSA DESPESA.NACIONALIZADA NA HORA PARA EVITAR COMPLICAÇÕES BUROCRÁTICAS PORQUE OS "PAPÉIS" NÃO REFEREM COR...
OS "NOSSOS" INTERPRETADORES/REPRESENTANTES BEM PODIAM SER ELEITOS EM ÁFRICA, EMBORA ALGUNS JÁ CÁ O SEJAM POR AFRICANOS.
COM A BOLA DE NEVE A ROLAR PELA ENCOSTA ABAIXO DA COLONIZAÇÃO O INDIGENATO SÓ PODE ESPERAR SER ESCRAVOS DE TODA ESSA DIFERENÇA TRATADA AGORA NUMA DE TODOS IGUAIS, TODOS DIFERENTES.MAS NUMA ESCALA NÃO ACOMODÁVEL.DAÍ TEREM IMPLANTADO O SOBADO DE LISBOA E TRANSFORMADO OS INDÍGENAS EM ESCRAVOS NÃO SÓ DOS INTERPRETADORES/REPRESENTANTES CUJO RAIO DE ACÇÃO COMO VEMOS É TODO O PLANETA, MAS A POBREZA QUE AS SUAS LEIS AFUNDADORAS FAZEM IMPORTAR E NACIONALIZAR SEM SER PRECISO COMO QUALQUER INCOMPETENTE PODE INTUIR...
MAS DEPOIS ESSES FILHOS DA PUTA DIZEM AOS QUE SUSTENTAM O SISTEMA QUE SÃO ELES QUE VIVEM ACIMA DAS SUAS POSSIBILIDADES!
TOMEM NOTA QUE SE PORTUGAL ESTÁ O BURACO EM QUE ESTÁ ISSO É SÓ DA INTEIRA RESPONSABILIDADE DOS AVENTUREIROS E TRAIDORES QUE TÊM ANDADO A ELEGER...E QUE SE ESCUSAM A SOFRER AQUILO QUE DECRETAM PARA OS QUE SE TÊM COMPORTADO COMO CORNOS MANSOS!
Friday, November 29, 2013
POR CÁ OS DEMOCRATAS INTERNACIONALISTAS FIZERAM PRECISAMENTE O CONTRÁRIO:ACEITARAM DESDE LOGO AS EXPULSÕES E OS CONFISCOS E DERAM TODOS AS INFORMAÇÃOES DOS INFORMADORES DA DGS...
Revealed: the bonfire of papers at the end of Empire
DG was a code word to indicate papers were for British officers of European descent only
A colonial policeman and an auxiliary guard Mau Mau suspects in 1954
A colonial policeman and an auxiliary guard Mau Mau suspects in 1954. Photograph: Popperfoto
The full extent of the destruction of Britain's colonial government records during the retreat from empire was disclosed on Thursday with the declassification of a small part of the Foreign Office's vast secret archive.
Fifty-year-old documents that have finally been transferred to the National Archive show that bonfires were built behind diplomatic missions across the globe as the purge – codenamed Operation Legacy – accompanied the handover of each colony.
The declassified documents include copies of an instruction issued in 1961 by Iain Macleod, colonial secretary, that post-independence governments should not be handed any material that "might embarrass Her Majesty's [the] government", that could "embarrass members of the police, military forces, public servants or others eg police informers", that might betray intelligence sources, or that might "be used unethically by ministers in the successor government".
In Northern Rhodesia, colonial officials were issued with further orders to destroy "all papers which are likely to be interpreted, either reasonably or by malice, as indicating racial prejudice or religious bias on the part of Her Majesty's government".
Detailed instructions were issued over methods of destruction, in order to erase all evidence of the purge. When documents were burned, "the waste should be reduced to ash and the ashes broken up", while any that were being dumped at sea must be "packed in weighted crates and dumped in very deep and current-free water at maximum practicable distance from the coast".
Also among the documents declassified on Friday are "destruction certificates" sent to London by colonial officials as proof that they were performing their duties, and letters and memoranda that showed that some were struggling to complete their huge task before the colonies gained their independence. Officials in more than one colony warned London that they feared they would be "celebrating Independence Day with smoke".
An elaborate and at times confusing classification system was introduced, in addition to the secret/top secret classifications, to protect papers that were to be destroyed or shipped to the UK. Officials were often granted or refused security clearance on the grounds of ethnicity.
Documents marked "Guard", for example, could be disclosed to non-British officials as long as if they were from the "Old Commonwealth" – Australia, New Zealand, South Africa or Canada.
Those classified as "Watch", and stamped with a red letter W, were to be removed from the country or destroyed. Steps were taken to ensure post-colonial governments would not learn that such files had ever existed, with one instruction stating: "The legacy files must leave no reference to watch material. Indeed, the very existence of the watch series, though it may be guessed at, should never be revealed." Officials were warned to keep their W stamps locked away.
The marking "DG" was said to be an abbreviation of deputy governor, but in fact was a protective code word to indicate that papers so marked were for sight by "British officers of European descent only".
As colonies passed into a transitional phase before full independence, with British civil servants working for local government ministers, an entire parallel series of documents marked Personal were created. "Personal" files could be seen only by British governors and their British aides, a system that appears to have been employed in every territory from which the British withdrew after 1961. "The existence of the 'Personal' series of correspondence must of course be scrupulously protected and no documents in this series should be transferred to ministers," colonial officials were warned.
While thousands of files were returned to London during the process of decolonisation, it is now clear that countless numbers of documents were destroyed. "Emphasis is placed upon destruction," colonial officials in Kenya were told.
Officials in Aden were told to start burning in 1966, a full 12 months before the eventual British withdrawal. "It may seem a bit early to start talking about the disposal of documents prior to independence, but the sifting of documents is a considerable task and you may like to start thinking about it now."
As in many colonies, a three-man committee – comprising two senior administrators and one police special branch officer – decided what would be destroyed and what would be removed to London. The paucity of Aden documentation so far declassified may suggest that the committee decided that most files should be destroyed.
In Belize, colonial administrators officials told London in October 1962 that a visiting MI5 officer had decided that all sensitive files should be destroyed by fire: "In this he was assisted by the Royal Navy and several gallons of petrol."
In British Guiana, a shortage of "British officers of European descent" resulted in the "hot and heavy" task falling to two secretaries, using a fire in an oil drum in the grounds of Government House. Eventually the army agreed to lend a hand.
The declassified papers show colonial officials asking for further advice about what should and should not be destroyed. In 1963, for example, an official in Malta asked London for advice about which files should be "spirited away out of the country", and warned that while some documents could be handed over to the new government: "There may again be others which could be given to them if they were doctored first; and there may be files which cannot be given to them under any circumstances."
In June 1966, Max Webber, the high commissioner in Brunei, asked Bernard Cheeseman, chief librarian at the Commonwealth Relations Office, for advice about 60 boxes of files. "My Dear Cheese," he wrote, "can I, off my own bat, destroy some of these papers, or should the whole lot be sent home for weeding or retention in your records?"
Not all sensitive documents were destroyed. Large amounts were transferred to London, and held in Foreign Office archives. Colonial officials were told that crates of documents sent back to the UK by sea could be entrusted only to the "care of a British ship's master on a British ship".
For example, Robert Turner, the chief secretary of the British protectorate of North Borneo, wrote to the Colonial Office library in August 1963, a few weeks before independence, saying his subordinate's monthly reports – "which would be unsuitable for the eyes of local ministers" – would be saved and sent to London, rather than destroyed. "I ... have been prevailed upon to do so on the grounds that some at least of their contents may come in handy when some future Gibbon is doing research work for his 'Decline and Fall of the British Empire'."
Those papers that were returned to London were not open to historians, however. The declassified documents made available Friday at the National Archives at Kew, south-west London, are from a cache of 8,800 of colonial-era files that the Foreign Office held for decades, in breach of the 30-years rule of the Public Records Acts and in effect beyond the reach of the Freedom of Information Act. They were stored behind barbed-wire fences at Hanslope Park, Buckinghamshire, a government communications research centre north of London, a facility that it operates along with MI6 and MI5.
The Foreign Office was forced eventually to admit to the existence of the hidden files during high court proceedings brought by a group of elderly Kenyans who were suing the government over the mistreatment they suffered while imprisoned during the 1950s Mau Mau insurgency.
Even then, however, the Foreign Office failed to acknowledge that the 8,800 colonial files were just a small part of a secret archive of 1.2m files that it called the Special Collections, and which it had held unlawfully at Hanslope Park.
The Foreign Office is understood to have presented a plan to the National Archive earlier this month for the belated transfer of the Special Collections into the public domain. On Thursday it declined to disclose details of that plan.
The newly declassified documents show that the practice of destroying papers rather than allowing them to fall into the hands of post-independence governments pre-dated Macleod's 1961 instructions.
A British colonial official in Malaya reported that in August 1957, for example, "five lorry loads of papers … were driven down to the naval base at Singapore, and destroyed in the Navy's splendid incinerator there. The Army supplied the lorries (civilian type) and laid on Field Security Personnel to move the files. Considerable pains were nevertheless taken to carry out the operations discreetly, partly to avoid exacerbating relationships between the British government and those Malayans who might not have been so understanding ... and partly to avoid comment by the press (who I understand greatly enjoyed themselves with the pall of smoke which hung over Delhi during the mass destruction of documents in 1947)."
A few years later, colonial officials in Kenya were urged not to follow the Malayan example: "It is better for too much, rather than too little, to be sent home – the wholesale destruction, as in Malaya, should not be repeated."
• This article was amended on 29 November 2013 to replace part of a sentence that had been accidentally deleted during the editing process.
E QUAL FOI O RESULTADO AFINAL?QUEM É QUE FICOU AMIGO?QUANTOS FUZILAMENTOS SUMÁRIOS CAUSARAM?E OS ARQUIVOS DA PIDE/DGS GUARDADINHOS EM MOSCOVO...
AGORA ANDAM A NACIONALIZAR OS ANTIGOS GUERRILHEIROS.MENOS O ANTÓNIO INDJAI QUE TEM PÓ A TUDO O QUE SEJA BRANCO OU MENOS ESCURINHO...
COM GOVERNOS DESTE TIPO NÃO QUERIAM TER FALIDO?»O QUE JÁ ACONTECEU POR 3 VEZES?COM A ACTUAL LEI DA TRAIÇÃO TUDO É POSSÍVEL...
DG was a code word to indicate papers were for British officers of European descent only
A colonial policeman and an auxiliary guard Mau Mau suspects in 1954
A colonial policeman and an auxiliary guard Mau Mau suspects in 1954. Photograph: Popperfoto
The full extent of the destruction of Britain's colonial government records during the retreat from empire was disclosed on Thursday with the declassification of a small part of the Foreign Office's vast secret archive.
Fifty-year-old documents that have finally been transferred to the National Archive show that bonfires were built behind diplomatic missions across the globe as the purge – codenamed Operation Legacy – accompanied the handover of each colony.
The declassified documents include copies of an instruction issued in 1961 by Iain Macleod, colonial secretary, that post-independence governments should not be handed any material that "might embarrass Her Majesty's [the] government", that could "embarrass members of the police, military forces, public servants or others eg police informers", that might betray intelligence sources, or that might "be used unethically by ministers in the successor government".
In Northern Rhodesia, colonial officials were issued with further orders to destroy "all papers which are likely to be interpreted, either reasonably or by malice, as indicating racial prejudice or religious bias on the part of Her Majesty's government".
Detailed instructions were issued over methods of destruction, in order to erase all evidence of the purge. When documents were burned, "the waste should be reduced to ash and the ashes broken up", while any that were being dumped at sea must be "packed in weighted crates and dumped in very deep and current-free water at maximum practicable distance from the coast".
Also among the documents declassified on Friday are "destruction certificates" sent to London by colonial officials as proof that they were performing their duties, and letters and memoranda that showed that some were struggling to complete their huge task before the colonies gained their independence. Officials in more than one colony warned London that they feared they would be "celebrating Independence Day with smoke".
An elaborate and at times confusing classification system was introduced, in addition to the secret/top secret classifications, to protect papers that were to be destroyed or shipped to the UK. Officials were often granted or refused security clearance on the grounds of ethnicity.
Documents marked "Guard", for example, could be disclosed to non-British officials as long as if they were from the "Old Commonwealth" – Australia, New Zealand, South Africa or Canada.
Those classified as "Watch", and stamped with a red letter W, were to be removed from the country or destroyed. Steps were taken to ensure post-colonial governments would not learn that such files had ever existed, with one instruction stating: "The legacy files must leave no reference to watch material. Indeed, the very existence of the watch series, though it may be guessed at, should never be revealed." Officials were warned to keep their W stamps locked away.
The marking "DG" was said to be an abbreviation of deputy governor, but in fact was a protective code word to indicate that papers so marked were for sight by "British officers of European descent only".
As colonies passed into a transitional phase before full independence, with British civil servants working for local government ministers, an entire parallel series of documents marked Personal were created. "Personal" files could be seen only by British governors and their British aides, a system that appears to have been employed in every territory from which the British withdrew after 1961. "The existence of the 'Personal' series of correspondence must of course be scrupulously protected and no documents in this series should be transferred to ministers," colonial officials were warned.
While thousands of files were returned to London during the process of decolonisation, it is now clear that countless numbers of documents were destroyed. "Emphasis is placed upon destruction," colonial officials in Kenya were told.
Officials in Aden were told to start burning in 1966, a full 12 months before the eventual British withdrawal. "It may seem a bit early to start talking about the disposal of documents prior to independence, but the sifting of documents is a considerable task and you may like to start thinking about it now."
As in many colonies, a three-man committee – comprising two senior administrators and one police special branch officer – decided what would be destroyed and what would be removed to London. The paucity of Aden documentation so far declassified may suggest that the committee decided that most files should be destroyed.
In Belize, colonial administrators officials told London in October 1962 that a visiting MI5 officer had decided that all sensitive files should be destroyed by fire: "In this he was assisted by the Royal Navy and several gallons of petrol."
In British Guiana, a shortage of "British officers of European descent" resulted in the "hot and heavy" task falling to two secretaries, using a fire in an oil drum in the grounds of Government House. Eventually the army agreed to lend a hand.
The declassified papers show colonial officials asking for further advice about what should and should not be destroyed. In 1963, for example, an official in Malta asked London for advice about which files should be "spirited away out of the country", and warned that while some documents could be handed over to the new government: "There may again be others which could be given to them if they were doctored first; and there may be files which cannot be given to them under any circumstances."
In June 1966, Max Webber, the high commissioner in Brunei, asked Bernard Cheeseman, chief librarian at the Commonwealth Relations Office, for advice about 60 boxes of files. "My Dear Cheese," he wrote, "can I, off my own bat, destroy some of these papers, or should the whole lot be sent home for weeding or retention in your records?"
Not all sensitive documents were destroyed. Large amounts were transferred to London, and held in Foreign Office archives. Colonial officials were told that crates of documents sent back to the UK by sea could be entrusted only to the "care of a British ship's master on a British ship".
For example, Robert Turner, the chief secretary of the British protectorate of North Borneo, wrote to the Colonial Office library in August 1963, a few weeks before independence, saying his subordinate's monthly reports – "which would be unsuitable for the eyes of local ministers" – would be saved and sent to London, rather than destroyed. "I ... have been prevailed upon to do so on the grounds that some at least of their contents may come in handy when some future Gibbon is doing research work for his 'Decline and Fall of the British Empire'."
Those papers that were returned to London were not open to historians, however. The declassified documents made available Friday at the National Archives at Kew, south-west London, are from a cache of 8,800 of colonial-era files that the Foreign Office held for decades, in breach of the 30-years rule of the Public Records Acts and in effect beyond the reach of the Freedom of Information Act. They were stored behind barbed-wire fences at Hanslope Park, Buckinghamshire, a government communications research centre north of London, a facility that it operates along with MI6 and MI5.
The Foreign Office was forced eventually to admit to the existence of the hidden files during high court proceedings brought by a group of elderly Kenyans who were suing the government over the mistreatment they suffered while imprisoned during the 1950s Mau Mau insurgency.
Even then, however, the Foreign Office failed to acknowledge that the 8,800 colonial files were just a small part of a secret archive of 1.2m files that it called the Special Collections, and which it had held unlawfully at Hanslope Park.
The Foreign Office is understood to have presented a plan to the National Archive earlier this month for the belated transfer of the Special Collections into the public domain. On Thursday it declined to disclose details of that plan.
The newly declassified documents show that the practice of destroying papers rather than allowing them to fall into the hands of post-independence governments pre-dated Macleod's 1961 instructions.
A British colonial official in Malaya reported that in August 1957, for example, "five lorry loads of papers … were driven down to the naval base at Singapore, and destroyed in the Navy's splendid incinerator there. The Army supplied the lorries (civilian type) and laid on Field Security Personnel to move the files. Considerable pains were nevertheless taken to carry out the operations discreetly, partly to avoid exacerbating relationships between the British government and those Malayans who might not have been so understanding ... and partly to avoid comment by the press (who I understand greatly enjoyed themselves with the pall of smoke which hung over Delhi during the mass destruction of documents in 1947)."
A few years later, colonial officials in Kenya were urged not to follow the Malayan example: "It is better for too much, rather than too little, to be sent home – the wholesale destruction, as in Malaya, should not be repeated."
• This article was amended on 29 November 2013 to replace part of a sentence that had been accidentally deleted during the editing process.
E QUAL FOI O RESULTADO AFINAL?QUEM É QUE FICOU AMIGO?QUANTOS FUZILAMENTOS SUMÁRIOS CAUSARAM?E OS ARQUIVOS DA PIDE/DGS GUARDADINHOS EM MOSCOVO...
AGORA ANDAM A NACIONALIZAR OS ANTIGOS GUERRILHEIROS.MENOS O ANTÓNIO INDJAI QUE TEM PÓ A TUDO O QUE SEJA BRANCO OU MENOS ESCURINHO...
COM GOVERNOS DESTE TIPO NÃO QUERIAM TER FALIDO?»O QUE JÁ ACONTECEU POR 3 VEZES?COM A ACTUAL LEI DA TRAIÇÃO TUDO É POSSÍVEL...
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)