Au Zimbabwe, Nestlé achetait le "lait du sang"
LE MONDE | 02.10.09 | 14h48 Réagissez (4) Classez Imprimez Envoyez Partagez
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Grace Mugabe n'est pas seulement la première dame du Zimbabwe. Réputée pour ses goûts de luxe, c'est aussi une chef d'entreprise à la tête d'au moins six fermes totalisant 5000 hectares. Son mari, Robert Mugabe, au pouvoir depuis trente ans dans cet Etat d'Afrique australe, a lancé en 2000 une réforme agraire qui a abouti à l'expulsion par la force de 4 000 fermiers blancs. La chute de la production agricole qui a suivi a contribué à précipiter le Zimbabwe dans une profonde crise économique et sociale. Le père de l'indépendance a redistribué une partie des terres aux soutiens du régime et à ses proches.
EM ÁFRICA BRANCO É EXPLORADOR E RACISTA.CÁ É HUMANISTA E PAGANTE...
Showing posts with label ONU E ZIMBABWE. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ONU E ZIMBABWE. Show all posts
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Sunday, July 8, 2007
ALBERTO GONÇALVES DISSE
A RIQUEZA E A POBREZA DAS NAÇÕES (UNIDAS)
Entre 1990 e 2004, 270 milhões de pessoas deixaram de ser vítimas da pobreza absoluta. Positivo? Um leigo diria que sim, mas a ONU, que compilou os dados, não parece demasiado satisfeita. Embora registe a diminuição da miséria, o relatório das Nações Unidas ("Objectivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio 2007") apressa-se a relativizá-la: o fenómeno é lento e distorcido pelo crescimento económico do Sul da Ásia e do Extremo Oriente; ainda subsistem (literalmente) 980 milhões de desvalidos com rendimentos inferiores a um dólar diário; a sida e as complicações derivadas da gravidez continuam a matar imenso; o "aquecimento global" é uma ameaça.
Significa isto que é indiferente reduzir ou não reduzir o número de pobres? Um leigo hesita. À primeira vista, para a ONU, a melhoria da existência material de 270 milhões de criaturas é relativamente despicienda enquanto houver um sudanês faminto, um paraguaio infectado pelo HIV, uma gravidez de risco no Brasil ou um resíduo de CO2 na atmosfera. À segunda vista, admite-se a custo alguns progressos, os quais, pelo que entendi do relatório, se devem a "lideranças políticas fortes, políticas consistentes, estratégias associadas a apoios financeiros e técnicos internacionais". Quando a coisa corre mal, a culpa é da distribuição desigual da riqueza, dos conflitos armados ou, naturalmente, dos países ricos, que não multiplicam as dádivas com a assiduidade desejável.
Na visão da ONU, portanto, a erradicação da pobreza depende, quase unicamente, da caridade. É uma perspectiva útil. Sobretudo porque fomenta os projectos e "investimentos" da praxe e, de caminho, evita referir um pormenor aborrecido: os países e as regiões em que a pobreza tem diminuído coincidem exactamente com os países e as regiões que, no período a que o relatório respeita, tendencialmente preferiram a iniciativa privada e a concorrência, a liberalização da economia e a abertura aos mercados externos. Por outro lado, a desgraça persiste ou agravou-se nos lugares submetidos ao proteccionismo, às nacionalizações, ao planeamento estatal e, para cúmulo, à esmola. A ajuda, os apoios e os "técnicos internacionais" são factores fortuitos, e frequentemente prejudiciais. O elemento comum aos casos de sucesso é a globalização, que após as contas aos "mas" e aos "ses", aumenta a riqueza para lá das considerações equitativas, tornando os ricos mais ricos e os pobres menos pobres. Dito de maneira que até Tarzan, esse cooperante pioneiro, perceberia: globalização, bom; não globalização, mau.
Lá para o final, o mencionado relatório reconhece equívoca e discretamente esta evidência. Não pode é divulgá-la com leviandade, ou os leigos acabariam sem objecções ao capitalismo selvagem e os especialistas da ONU sem emprego.
Entre 1990 e 2004, 270 milhões de pessoas deixaram de ser vítimas da pobreza absoluta. Positivo? Um leigo diria que sim, mas a ONU, que compilou os dados, não parece demasiado satisfeita. Embora registe a diminuição da miséria, o relatório das Nações Unidas ("Objectivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio 2007") apressa-se a relativizá-la: o fenómeno é lento e distorcido pelo crescimento económico do Sul da Ásia e do Extremo Oriente; ainda subsistem (literalmente) 980 milhões de desvalidos com rendimentos inferiores a um dólar diário; a sida e as complicações derivadas da gravidez continuam a matar imenso; o "aquecimento global" é uma ameaça.
Significa isto que é indiferente reduzir ou não reduzir o número de pobres? Um leigo hesita. À primeira vista, para a ONU, a melhoria da existência material de 270 milhões de criaturas é relativamente despicienda enquanto houver um sudanês faminto, um paraguaio infectado pelo HIV, uma gravidez de risco no Brasil ou um resíduo de CO2 na atmosfera. À segunda vista, admite-se a custo alguns progressos, os quais, pelo que entendi do relatório, se devem a "lideranças políticas fortes, políticas consistentes, estratégias associadas a apoios financeiros e técnicos internacionais". Quando a coisa corre mal, a culpa é da distribuição desigual da riqueza, dos conflitos armados ou, naturalmente, dos países ricos, que não multiplicam as dádivas com a assiduidade desejável.
Na visão da ONU, portanto, a erradicação da pobreza depende, quase unicamente, da caridade. É uma perspectiva útil. Sobretudo porque fomenta os projectos e "investimentos" da praxe e, de caminho, evita referir um pormenor aborrecido: os países e as regiões em que a pobreza tem diminuído coincidem exactamente com os países e as regiões que, no período a que o relatório respeita, tendencialmente preferiram a iniciativa privada e a concorrência, a liberalização da economia e a abertura aos mercados externos. Por outro lado, a desgraça persiste ou agravou-se nos lugares submetidos ao proteccionismo, às nacionalizações, ao planeamento estatal e, para cúmulo, à esmola. A ajuda, os apoios e os "técnicos internacionais" são factores fortuitos, e frequentemente prejudiciais. O elemento comum aos casos de sucesso é a globalização, que após as contas aos "mas" e aos "ses", aumenta a riqueza para lá das considerações equitativas, tornando os ricos mais ricos e os pobres menos pobres. Dito de maneira que até Tarzan, esse cooperante pioneiro, perceberia: globalização, bom; não globalização, mau.
Lá para o final, o mencionado relatório reconhece equívoca e discretamente esta evidência. Não pode é divulgá-la com leviandade, ou os leigos acabariam sem objecções ao capitalismo selvagem e os especialistas da ONU sem emprego.
Wednesday, June 27, 2007
QUANTOS COMO ESTE NÃO HAVERÁ NA ONU?
From The TimesJune 27, 2007
Weeds and wasted lives on the farm run by UN’s rural kingpin
The Environment Minister and world authority on sustainable development has let his once-thriving land go to rack and ruin
Jan Raath in Karoi
It looks as if no one has lived here for years. Tall, dense elephant grass grows everywhere. There is a rutted track that passes a nearly empty dam where a truck has broken down and been left to its own fate.
Sheds and barns for curing tobacco are deserted. Gates hang open and there is scant fencing. A fallen tree lies across the track. The only sign of activity is a flock of sheep owned by a neighbouring white farmer who leases the unused grazing.
This is the farm of Francis Nhema, Zimbabwe’s Minister of Environment, who became chairman of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development last month. He occupied Nyamanda farm, just south of the small town of Karoi in northern Zimbabwe in 2003, a year after its owner, Chris Shepherd, and his family were driven out by lawless ruling party militias.
On its 1,000 hectares (2,470 acres), Mr Shepherd had planted 80 hectares of high-grade tobacco and 200 hectares of maize. Cattle grazed on 300 hectares.
Related Links
Paying for the man they hate
Last year Mr Nhema managed three hectares of tobacco and ten hectares of maize.
“This year there is nothing,” said a former farm security guard, who asked to remain anonymous. “There is a small patch of soya beans. The rest is weeds. The whole 1,000 hectares are weeds.”
Mr Nhema, who is now the world’s leading international authority on global policies for the prudent management of rural and industrial resources, has never been on the farm for more than a few hours and comes once every few months, said the guard. A relative lived in the house for a while “but he knew nothing about farming”, and it is now empty, he said.
The 4,300 farms seized illegally by President Mugabe since 2000 have followed the same pattern overwhelmingly, and turned one of the most robust and enterprising agricultural industries into a model of neglect.
The Zimbabwe Human Rights Forum says this week in a report – the first detailed study on the human rights violations against white farmers and their black workers during the land grab – that there is “a plausible case for crimes against humanity” having been committed in the past seven years by Mr Mugabe’s regime.
“There is a compelling need for these to be investigated and the perpetrators to be charged and tried,” it says.
More than a million people living on commercial farms suffered incidents of assault, torture, being held hostage, illegal detention and death threats, it estimates. More than 10,000 farm workers are believed to have died after their removal and the consequent loss of employment, housing, nutrition and access to health-care on the farms.
Mr Nhema’s farm is a case in point. Nyamanda had 200 people living and working under Mr Shepherd. Since then the number has dwindled to 32.
“About 60 have died,” the guard said. “When Mr Shepherd left, they started dying. Many children died. We used to get meat and vegetables and upfu [maizemeal, the national staple]. In April Nhema was paying us Z$32,000 (£64) a month. You can’t buy salt with that.” The figure is equivalent to the official minimum wage for farm workers.
The human rights report says that Mr Mugabe’s “ill-ad-vised land reform process” had “devastated the economy and created an enormous humanitarian crisis”.
Its findings “point to an organised seizure of land planned by officials, not a spontaneous seizure by landless blacks, as the Government claims”. It estimated that farmers’ and workers’ losses amounted to $8.5 billion (£4.3 billion). Compensation of anything near that figure would bankrupt the Government, it said.
The minister has professed ignorance about the state of the farm. “I don’t know about that,” he said, and blamed the neglect on others he said were also occupying the farm.
“That is not true,” said the guard. “He is the only one. This is an empty place. If you shout ‘hullo’, your voice comes back to you.”
Lost chances
— Zimbabwe's maize production fell 74% between 1999 and 2004
— The national cattle herd shrank by 90% and production of flue-cured tobacco fell from 237m kg (233,200 tons) to 70m kg
— Real GDP per capita dropped 46.2% between 1998 and 2005
— Average wage $760 annually, the same in purchasing power terms as the Southern Rhodesian in 1953
— The UN says that 4.1 million people in the southern provinces face serious food shortages at the start of 2008
Sources: Centre for Global Development; UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office; CIA World Factbook; Times archives
COM TIPOS DESTES NO "GOVERNO MUNDIAL" COMO DEFENDEM UMAS AVES RARAS PORTUGUESAS QUE AINDA NÃO INTUIRAM AS NOVAS REALIDADES MUNDIAIS A EUROPA SERIA ESCRAVIZADA.
Weeds and wasted lives on the farm run by UN’s rural kingpin
The Environment Minister and world authority on sustainable development has let his once-thriving land go to rack and ruin
Jan Raath in Karoi
It looks as if no one has lived here for years. Tall, dense elephant grass grows everywhere. There is a rutted track that passes a nearly empty dam where a truck has broken down and been left to its own fate.
Sheds and barns for curing tobacco are deserted. Gates hang open and there is scant fencing. A fallen tree lies across the track. The only sign of activity is a flock of sheep owned by a neighbouring white farmer who leases the unused grazing.
This is the farm of Francis Nhema, Zimbabwe’s Minister of Environment, who became chairman of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development last month. He occupied Nyamanda farm, just south of the small town of Karoi in northern Zimbabwe in 2003, a year after its owner, Chris Shepherd, and his family were driven out by lawless ruling party militias.
On its 1,000 hectares (2,470 acres), Mr Shepherd had planted 80 hectares of high-grade tobacco and 200 hectares of maize. Cattle grazed on 300 hectares.
Related Links
Paying for the man they hate
Last year Mr Nhema managed three hectares of tobacco and ten hectares of maize.
“This year there is nothing,” said a former farm security guard, who asked to remain anonymous. “There is a small patch of soya beans. The rest is weeds. The whole 1,000 hectares are weeds.”
Mr Nhema, who is now the world’s leading international authority on global policies for the prudent management of rural and industrial resources, has never been on the farm for more than a few hours and comes once every few months, said the guard. A relative lived in the house for a while “but he knew nothing about farming”, and it is now empty, he said.
The 4,300 farms seized illegally by President Mugabe since 2000 have followed the same pattern overwhelmingly, and turned one of the most robust and enterprising agricultural industries into a model of neglect.
The Zimbabwe Human Rights Forum says this week in a report – the first detailed study on the human rights violations against white farmers and their black workers during the land grab – that there is “a plausible case for crimes against humanity” having been committed in the past seven years by Mr Mugabe’s regime.
“There is a compelling need for these to be investigated and the perpetrators to be charged and tried,” it says.
More than a million people living on commercial farms suffered incidents of assault, torture, being held hostage, illegal detention and death threats, it estimates. More than 10,000 farm workers are believed to have died after their removal and the consequent loss of employment, housing, nutrition and access to health-care on the farms.
Mr Nhema’s farm is a case in point. Nyamanda had 200 people living and working under Mr Shepherd. Since then the number has dwindled to 32.
“About 60 have died,” the guard said. “When Mr Shepherd left, they started dying. Many children died. We used to get meat and vegetables and upfu [maizemeal, the national staple]. In April Nhema was paying us Z$32,000 (£64) a month. You can’t buy salt with that.” The figure is equivalent to the official minimum wage for farm workers.
The human rights report says that Mr Mugabe’s “ill-ad-vised land reform process” had “devastated the economy and created an enormous humanitarian crisis”.
Its findings “point to an organised seizure of land planned by officials, not a spontaneous seizure by landless blacks, as the Government claims”. It estimated that farmers’ and workers’ losses amounted to $8.5 billion (£4.3 billion). Compensation of anything near that figure would bankrupt the Government, it said.
The minister has professed ignorance about the state of the farm. “I don’t know about that,” he said, and blamed the neglect on others he said were also occupying the farm.
“That is not true,” said the guard. “He is the only one. This is an empty place. If you shout ‘hullo’, your voice comes back to you.”
Lost chances
— Zimbabwe's maize production fell 74% between 1999 and 2004
— The national cattle herd shrank by 90% and production of flue-cured tobacco fell from 237m kg (233,200 tons) to 70m kg
— Real GDP per capita dropped 46.2% between 1998 and 2005
— Average wage $760 annually, the same in purchasing power terms as the Southern Rhodesian in 1953
— The UN says that 4.1 million people in the southern provinces face serious food shortages at the start of 2008
Sources: Centre for Global Development; UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office; CIA World Factbook; Times archives
COM TIPOS DESTES NO "GOVERNO MUNDIAL" COMO DEFENDEM UMAS AVES RARAS PORTUGUESAS QUE AINDA NÃO INTUIRAM AS NOVAS REALIDADES MUNDIAIS A EUROPA SERIA ESCRAVIZADA.
Saturday, May 12, 2007
ONU? POR CÁ EXISTEM MUITOS TOLINHOS...
Zimbabwe elected to chair key UN environment body
A MAIOR PARTE DOS PAÍSES REPRESENTADOS NA ONU SÃO PAÍSES FALHADOS, AINDA MUITO PIORES DO QUE O NOSSO.AGORA IMAGINEM QUE NÓS TEMOS UMA ELEVADA PERCENTAGEM DE CLARIVIDENTES DIRIGENTES QUE CLAMAM POR TUDO E NADA QUE A ONU TOME CONTA DO MUNDO...
PORRA ESTÃO A VER ESSES PAÍSES FALHADOS QUE VENDEM O SEU VOTO A QUEM DER MAIS A EXERCER CHANTAGEM SOBRE OS MENOS POBRES E OS MAIS RICOS?
FELIZMENTE OS NOSSOS ESTIMÁVEIS DIRIGENTES NÃO SÃO ESCUTADOS POR NINGUÉM OU MELHOR SE OS OUVEM NÃO LIGAM MUITO AO QUE ELES DIZEM...
A MAIOR PARTE DOS PAÍSES REPRESENTADOS NA ONU SÃO PAÍSES FALHADOS, AINDA MUITO PIORES DO QUE O NOSSO.AGORA IMAGINEM QUE NÓS TEMOS UMA ELEVADA PERCENTAGEM DE CLARIVIDENTES DIRIGENTES QUE CLAMAM POR TUDO E NADA QUE A ONU TOME CONTA DO MUNDO...
PORRA ESTÃO A VER ESSES PAÍSES FALHADOS QUE VENDEM O SEU VOTO A QUEM DER MAIS A EXERCER CHANTAGEM SOBRE OS MENOS POBRES E OS MAIS RICOS?
FELIZMENTE OS NOSSOS ESTIMÁVEIS DIRIGENTES NÃO SÃO ESCUTADOS POR NINGUÉM OU MELHOR SE OS OUVEM NÃO LIGAM MUITO AO QUE ELES DIZEM...
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